Intellectual Revolutions of Our Society

The Id, Ego, and Superego of Freud.

The Id, Ego, and Superego is the Psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud. According to this theory, Id is the basic impulses such as the desire of sex or the seeking of gratification. Ego works to satisfy Id’s demands; it could often postpone such demands just to conform with the society. It considers the social reality and norms. Superego on the other hand, persuades ego to choose moralistic goals. Conscience and Ideal self are the two of Superego’s components.

Natural Selection and Survival of the fittest.

Organisms have to adapt to their environment in order to survive. Those who cannot or unable to survive would likely die. Those who are able to survive will continue their reproduction, eventually creating a superior organism. A good example of this is us Filipinos. We are already accustomed to our weather since we are a tropical country. Our weathers sometimes hit 37℃ or mostly 32℃. However, in other countries such as those in Europe or North America, people cannot stand temperatures in 25℃ and higher. We Filipinos have adapted to our environment and survived.

The Concept of Geocentrism and Heliocentrism.

Geocentric model is by Ptolemy of Alexandria, he proposed that the Earth is the center of the universe and that other celestial bodies orbited the earth. It was generally accepted by the public until 16^th century when Nicolaus Copernicus introduced the Heliocentric model. It shows that the Sun is the center of the universe and Earth and other celestial bodies orbit around it in a circular movement.

Scientific revolutions that happened in the following places:

a. Meso-America

In Meso-America, Mayans are considered the most advance civilization. They are skilled in mathematics and created a number system. They are also known for their mysterious pyramids and temples and these structures are also made without the use of metallic tools.

b. Asia

In Asia, particularly in the Philippines, there are already numerous scientific discoveries even before the Spanish colonial period. Filipinos are already utilizing herbs for medical use. They had an alphabet, number, and measuring systems. Banaue Rice Terraces is a good example of early engineering products of early Filipinos.

c. Middle East

In the Muslim world, various scientific inventions are discovered. In the ninth century, distillation of wine and 107 recipes are made by Al-kindi. This is a great contribution in the field of chemistry.

d. Africa

It has been known that Africa has some of the oldest human technological achievement. Some of these are oldest stone tools and tools for production. 

Why did people accept these discoveries despite being contradictory to what was widely accepted at that time?

Others say that some scientific discoveries have proven to be true even if it opposes the beliefs of the church. And the societies are also becoming convinced with these. More and more scientists are showing their discoveries to the people and they also tend to accept it. Some also say that the people have realized the beliefs of the church to be false or misleading, which turned them to believe in the scientific discoveries.

Intellectual revolutions are rapidly changing the societies especially in our modern day today. We tend to rely on their discoveries and advancements which is really helpful in terms of our needs. Without these intellectual revolutions, our world today would probably progress slowly. Things would be different. 

The positive and negative results brought about innovations and technological advances in the information age

In our modern world today, we are rapidly innovating. Main cause of these innovations is to make our lives easier. Computers are making calculations faster than human brain, vehicles help us to travel day-by-day, and internet provides quick access to information. However, these technological advancements have its own repercussions. The most common is pollution. Air, sea, and land are affected by these and in turn created the global warming. It’s bad not just for us humans but also the living creatures in our world.

Conclusively, we can instead use these technological advancements that we have to fight against the pollutions that we have made. There are still lots of time for us, we should learn and not repeat our mistakes. Through the intellectual revolutions, it opens the mind of society, letting us deepen our scientific and technological understanding of the world. Through widening research and experiments don, it provides a more comfortable and accessible life of humanity. Intellectual revolutions are continuous as long as humanity will always struggle and never stop in finding the right information that will benefit society, mainly when there are ongoing discoveries.  

Almost all of us today are inclined with digital devices and technologies such as smartphones, computers, and internet. These technologies helped us to instantly share and exchange ideas and information with others. Together we can share and interact even if we are hundreds of miles away from each other. Through the years, people have made innovations to improve our daily activities. Intellectual revolutions are one of the greatest products of humanity. All of these things keep us moving and we should embrace and continue to improve it.